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| How should be the position of the follower when he is in congregational prayer behind an imam |
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Question: What are the different modes in which a follower behind the Imam, leading the prayer follows him? Answer: The essence of this issue is based upon the sound narration of Prophet of Allah (Peace be upon him); "Verily, the imam has been appointed to be followed, so do not contradict him. When he says Takbeer (Allhu Akbar) then you too should say takbeer and when he makes ruku, then you too should make ruku and when he prostates, then you too should prostate" [agreed upon, narrated by Abu Hurairah] and in another version of Aisha (May Allah be pleased with her); "when he raises his head (from ruku) then you too raise your heads and when he says, 'Sami allahu liman hamida' - then say 'Rabbana wala kal hamd'. [Bukhari] in another hadith he said; "I am afraid for the one who raises his head before the imam that Allah may change his face into the face of a donkey or that Allah may make his face like of a donkey" [Bukhari] in another narration he said; "do not proceed me in making ruku or sujud nor in standing nor for making tasleem - for indeed, i can see you from my front and from my behind" [Muslim] From these narrations, we can understand the following: 1. obligation in following the imam 2. impermissibilty to contradict the imam from the actions which constitute a prayer. Rather, one should take into view his movements and follow him precisely. 3. Prohibition in racing with the imam in prayer and a strong warning against that 4. Promise of changing one's face into a donkey for he who races with the imam. Thus, a person can have four circumstances when following the imam: a. Sabaq (to over take him during actions) b. thakhluf (to lack behind him) c. Muwafaqah (to do actions concurrently with him) d. Mutaabi'ah (to follow him, instead of the previous three) 1st: Sabaq :: as we have just said that this is prohibited and is counted amongst the major sins, gathered from the evidences found in the Sunnah. From practical point of view, the imam is to be followed, if one races him in actions and proceeds him then the imam would become the follower and the follower will become the followed one. 2nd: Thakhluf :: this is of two types: a) lacking behind due to a valid reason b) lacking behind without a reason As for a valid reason; an example would be, a person praying Jummah. He was listening to the imam reciting Faatiha via speakers and suddenly they went off. So, the imam completed a complete Rakah and he was still standing thinking that the imam has not yet made ruku. Then, when the speakers came on he heard the imam reciting another surah. Thus, in this instance we say to him...stay with the imam in standing. His second rakah will be your 1st. Once he has made tasleem, you get up and offer your remaining rakah. As for invalid reason; then it is like the imam has offered two pillars of salat (e.g. ruku and then standing) and he did not catch up with him, being busy in reciting faatiha (within himself). In this instance, his prayer has become void. 3rd: Muwafaqah :: it is of two kinds; i) in speech ii) in actions i) Speech; this coetaneous in speech with the imam does not matter, except for - Takbeera tul ahraam: because if you made takbeer before the imam has completed saying it then your prayer has not begun in essence due to the fact that the follower has to wait for the the imam to begin his prayer before the follower begins his one. - Tasleem : the scholars have disliked for a person to say tasleem with the imam. As for saying the first tasleem after imam's first tasleem and then saying the second tasleem after the imam has said his tasleem then there is no problem with that. However, the best form is to wait for him to complete both of his tasleems and then you say yours. ii) Actions; following the imam in actions is disliked. It is also said that it is contrary to the sunnah, however, the most correct stance is that it is makhrooh (disliked). An example is; when the imam says Allahu Akbar to go into the ruku. He starts to move towards making ruku so you also follow him whilst he is moving towards making ruku. This action would be considered as makhrooh. This is because the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "when the imam makes ruku then you make ruku and do not make ruku before him". 4th: Mutaabi'ah :: This is the actual sunnah where the follower waits for the imam to complete his action before he begins it, without muwaafaqah (as discussed previously). An example; when the imam has done ruku, then you make your ruku, even if you are reciting surah fatiha or any other surah because you are obliged to follow the movements of the imam. Hence, if he comes up from the ruku, do not stay there making dua or extra dhikr to Allah as your prayer is connected to the prayer of the imam. |
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